5 results
Characterisation of age and polarity at onset in bipolar disorder
- Janos L. Kalman, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, Annabel Vreeker, Andrew McQuillin, Eli A. Stahl, Douglas Ruderfer, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou, Stephan Ripke, Tim B. Bigdeli, Frederike Stein, Tina Meller, Susanne Meinert, Helena Pelin, Fabian Streit, Sergi Papiol, Mark J. Adams, Rolf Adolfsson, Kristina Adorjan, Ingrid Agartz, Sofie R. Aminoff, Heike Anderson-Schmidt, Ole A. Andreassen, Raffaella Ardau, Jean-Michel Aubry, Ceylan Balaban, Nicholas Bass, Bernhard T. Baune, Frank Bellivier, Antoni Benabarre, Susanne Bengesser, Wade H Berrettini, Marco P. Boks, Evelyn J. Bromet, Katharina Brosch, Monika Budde, William Byerley, Pablo Cervantes, Catina Chillotti, Sven Cichon, Scott R. Clark, Ashley L. Comes, Aiden Corvin, William Coryell, Nick Craddock, David W. Craig, Paul E. Croarkin, Cristiana Cruceanu, Piotr M. Czerski, Nina Dalkner, Udo Dannlowski, Franziska Degenhardt, Maria Del Zompo, J. Raymond DePaulo, Srdjan Djurovic, Howard J. Edenberg, Mariam Al Eissa, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen, Bruno Etain, Ayman H. Fanous, Frederike Fellendorf, Alessia Fiorentino, Andreas J. Forstner, Mark A. Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Katrin Gade, Julie Garnham, Elliot Gershon, Michael Gill, Fernando S. Goes, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Paul Grof, Jose Guzman-Parra, Tim Hahn, Roland Hasler, Maria Heilbronner, Urs Heilbronner, Stephane Jamain, Esther Jimenez, Ian Jones, Lisa Jones, Lina Jonsson, Rene S. Kahn, John R. Kelsoe, James L. Kennedy, Tilo Kircher, George Kirov, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Farah Klöhn-Saghatolislam, James A. Knowles, Thorsten M. Kranz, Trine Vik Lagerberg, Mikael Landen, William B. Lawson, Marion Leboyer, Qingqin S. Li, Mario Maj, Dolores Malaspina, Mirko Manchia, Fermin Mayoral, Susan L. McElroy, Melvin G. McInnis, Andrew M. McIntosh, Helena Medeiros, Ingrid Melle, Vihra Milanova, Philip B. Mitchell, Palmiero Monteleone, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Markus M. Nöthen, Tomas Novak, John I. Nurnberger, Niamh O'Brien, Kevin S. O'Connell, Claire O'Donovan, Michael C. O'Donovan, Nils Opel, Abigail Ortiz, Michael J. Owen, Erik Pålsson, Carlos Pato, Michele T. Pato, Joanna Pawlak, Julia-Katharina Pfarr, Claudia Pisanu, James B. Potash, Mark H Rapaport, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Andreas Reif, Eva Reininghaus, Jonathan Repple, Hélène Richard-Lepouriel, Marcella Rietschel, Kai Ringwald, Gloria Roberts, Guy Rouleau, Sabrina Schaupp, William A Scheftner, Simon Schmitt, Peter R. Schofield, K. Oliver Schubert, Eva C. Schulte, Barbara Schweizer, Fanny Senner, Giovanni Severino, Sally Sharp, Claire Slaney, Olav B. Smeland, Janet L. Sobell, Alessio Squassina, Pavla Stopkova, John Strauss, Alfonso Tortorella, Gustavo Turecki, Joanna Twarowska-Hauser, Marin Veldic, Eduard Vieta, John B. Vincent, Wei Xu, Clement C. Zai, Peter P. Zandi, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) Bipolar Disorder Working Group, International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen), Colombia-US Cross Disorder Collaboration in Psychiatric Genetics, Arianna Di Florio, Jordan W. Smoller, Joanna M. Biernacka, Francis J. McMahon, Martin Alda, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Peter Falkai, Nelson B. Freimer, Till F.M. Andlauer, Thomas G. Schulze, Roel A. Ophoff
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 219 / Issue 6 / December 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 August 2021, pp. 659-669
- Print publication:
- December 2021
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Background
Studying phenotypic and genetic characteristics of age at onset (AAO) and polarity at onset (PAO) in bipolar disorder can provide new insights into disease pathology and facilitate the development of screening tools.
AimsTo examine the genetic architecture of AAO and PAO and their association with bipolar disorder disease characteristics.
MethodGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) and polygenic score (PGS) analyses of AAO (n = 12 977) and PAO (n = 6773) were conducted in patients with bipolar disorder from 34 cohorts and a replication sample (n = 2237). The association of onset with disease characteristics was investigated in two of these cohorts.
ResultsEarlier AAO was associated with a higher probability of psychotic symptoms, suicidality, lower educational attainment, not living together and fewer episodes. Depressive onset correlated with suicidality and manic onset correlated with delusions and manic episodes. Systematic differences in AAO between cohorts and continents of origin were observed. This was also reflected in single-nucleotide variant-based heritability estimates, with higher heritabilities for stricter onset definitions. Increased PGS for autism spectrum disorder (β = −0.34 years, s.e. = 0.08), major depression (β = −0.34 years, s.e. = 0.08), schizophrenia (β = −0.39 years, s.e. = 0.08), and educational attainment (β = −0.31 years, s.e. = 0.08) were associated with an earlier AAO. The AAO GWAS identified one significant locus, but this finding did not replicate. Neither GWAS nor PGS analyses yielded significant associations with PAO.
ConclusionsAAO and PAO are associated with indicators of bipolar disorder severity. Individuals with an earlier onset show an increased polygenic liability for a broad spectrum of psychiatric traits. Systematic differences in AAO across cohorts, continents and phenotype definitions introduce significant heterogeneity, affecting analyses.
3 - The Nurse-Family Partnership: From Trials to Practice
- Edited by Arthur J. Reynolds, University of Minnesota, Arthur J. Rolnick, Michelle M. Englund, University of Minnesota, Judy A. Temple, University of Minnesota
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- Book:
- Childhood Programs and Practices in the First Decade of Life
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 23 August 2010, pp 49-75
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
Many of the most intractable problems that young children and parents face in our society today are uniquely associated with adverse maternal health-related behaviors during pregnancy, dysfunctional infant caregiving, and stressful environmental conditions that interfere with parental and family functioning. These problems include infant mortality, preterm delivery, low birthweight, and neurodevelopmental impairments in young children resulting from poor conditions for pregnancy, child abuse and neglect, accidental childhood injuries, youth violence, closely spaced pregnancy, and thwarted economic self-sufficiency of parents. In a series of randomized trials conducted in (a) Elmira, New York, begun in 1977 in a semirural area with a primarily White sample; (b) Memphis, Tennessee, begun in 1987 with a primarily Black sample; and (c) Denver, Colorado, begun in 1994 with a sample that included a large portion of Hispanics, our team has been examining the impact of a program of prenatal and early childhood home visitation by nurses on improving parental behaviors and environmental conditions early in the life cycle in an effort to prevent these maternal and child health problems. These trials have enabled us to examine the extent to which the effects of the program are consistent across these different populations, settings, and time periods. The Denver trial was designed to determine the extent to which lay community health visitors might be able to produce the same beneficial effects as nurses when trained in the same program model.
Nurse home visitation and the prevention of child maltreatment: Impact on the timing of official reports
- David S. Zielinski, John Eckenrode, David L. Olds
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- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 21 / Issue 2 / May 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 April 2009, pp. 441-453
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This study examined the effects of the Nurse Family Partnership (NFP), a program of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses, on the timing of verified reports of child maltreatment. A sample of predominantly unmarried, low-income mothers and their first-born children were randomly assigned to receive either home visitation services by nurses beginning in pregnancy and lasting until the child was age 2, or comparison services. Previous studies have found that this program was effective in reducing the overall number of substantiated Child Protective Service reports by age 15. In the current study, survival analyses were used to assess temporal differences between nurse visited (n = 93) and comparison (n = 144) children's onset rates for maltreatment. The two groups' survival functions remained nearly identical until age 4, at which point the nurse-visited group's risk for onset began to significantly diminish. These results were more pronounced among the highest risk subgroup and among victims of neglect. The findings provide evidence that the NFP's success in reducing the number of maltreatment reports resulted in part from in its impact on the timing of the maltreatment process.
Child maltreatment and the early onset of problem behaviors: Can a program of nurse home visitation break the link?
- JOHN ECKENRODE, DAVID ZIELINSKI, ELLIOTT SMITH, LYSCHA A. MARCYNYSZYN, CHARLES R. HENDERSON, JR., HARRIET KITZMAN, ROBERT COLE, JANE POWERS, DAVID L. OLDS
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- Journal:
- Development and Psychopathology / Volume 13 / Issue 4 / December 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 January 2002, pp. 873-890
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This study investigated the relationship between child maltreatment and the early onset of problem behaviors in the Elmira Nurse Home Visitation Program. Participants were predominantly low-income and unmarried mothers and their first-born children who were randomized either to receive over 2 years of home-visitation services by nurses or to be placed in a comparison group. Data were drawn from a follow-up study that took place when the children were 15 years of age. Results demonstrated that, in the comparison group, child maltreatment was associated with significant increases in the number of early onset problem behaviors reported by the youth. For the youth in the nurse-visited group there was no relationship between maltreatment and early onset problem behaviors. We suggest that this finding was due to the effects of the intervention in reducing the number as well as the developmental timing of the maltreatment incidents. Results suggest that prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses can moderate the risk of child maltreatment as a predictor of conduct problems and antisocial behavior among children and youth born into at-risk families.
23 - The prevention of maltreatment
- Edited by Dante Cicchetti, Vicki Carlson
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- Book:
- Child Maltreatment
- Published online:
- 04 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 30 June 1989, pp 722-763
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Summary
Introduction
During the last 20 years, public concern about child abuse and neglect has grown dramatically (Garbarino and Stocking, 1980; Gerbner, Ross, and Zigler, 1980; Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemuller, and Silver, 1962). Within the past decade, a National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect has been established by the federal government, a National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse has been created in the private sector, and the media routinely convey the message that abuse and neglect are preventable. Two recent surveys have suggested a sharp increase in child abuse and neglect reports in the last six years (American Humane Association, 1985; National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1981). These reports indicate that hundreds of thousands of children and families are in crisis and emphasize the importance of preventive programs and research efforts in this area (U.S. Senate, 1983). In view of these developments, it is disturbing that little is known about the prevention of maltreatment (Heifer, 1982).
A variety of program models and community strategies have been proposed, including the enhancement of parent-newborn contact and interaction (Garbarino, 1980; Klaus and Kennel, 1982), parenting education (Gelles and Cornell, 1985), telephone hotlines (Johnston, 1976), crisis or respite care of the child (Cohn, 1981), the provision of home-health visitors (Kempe, 1976), the enhancement of natural community helpers (Collins, 1981; Pancoast, 1981), the provision of increased employment opportunities and a guaranteed minimum income (Gil, 1974), the reduction of society's acceptance of violence (Gelles, 1984), as well as more comprehensive, multifaceted programs based on ecological theory (Lutzker and Rice, 1984; Lutzker, Frame, and Rice, 1982).